The Past America and Beyond

The end of the Second World War has brought so many changes in international relations, political, economical and social changes. The most important and most influential of these is the rise of two super powers in the world: the United States of America and the USSR. The emergence of these two states has brought so many political and economic changes that became influential from the past decades until the present.The rise of the US government into power has become massive and became the indicative factor in settling international relations. The events that took place after the Second World War created massive impact on policy formations in the international arena. The Cold War for example, has been the biggest offspring of the war. Consequently, from the Cold War emerged different political and economic changes that from the past decades until now have still served their purpose, and until this era have played as decisive factors in creating foreign and domestic policies.  For the purpose of this paper, we shall be studying events that happened in the following decades: 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The events that will be tackled are those events that tool place that have had great and influential changed in American policy, and those that are until now still prevalent in international relations.1950: The Rise of the American DreamThe years from the 1950s have highlighted the growth of the American community. Central to this interval is the modernization of the American life, the development of more modernized society, and the peak of what they called the â€Å"American dream†. During these years were the improvement in technology, infrastructures, and the rise of mass cultures.The emergence of this abrupt modernization in American society was a response to the slump that was caused by the war. This response created a boom in American economy. High consumer spending became the coping mechanism of the civilians to recover from the war, which in turn also brought in higher government spending, a booming military industrial sector, which became the offset for a prosperous economy (Leffler, 1994).The rise of this modern industry for the American society was a fulfillment for their American dream. Every society and every individual were accountable for their own changes and emancipation. Their goal was to create a society that was free, modernized, superior and on top of every nation. Moreover, this economic boom and high consumer spending brought in the development of new innovations and quality inventions that enhanced not only the purpose that it must serve, but also took note of its aesthetic factors.The rise of the automobile industry for instance is a good example of the general idea that this occurrence has made a strong impact on. The emergence of their automobile industry is a starting point and an important facet in the current economic trend that the US has subliminally inculcated towards the people around the glob e. (McKinlay, 1993) This emergence has brought in the culture of planned obsolescence, which is now an important factor in the success of globalization and modernization, not only of the American society, but as well as to their allies that follow their trails.1960: The Era for Civil EmancipationFollowing the modernization of the American society, was the rise of the various legal fights against racial discrimination. The postwar era created an avenue for greater equality for the black Americans. This era highlighted the establishment of various associations that fought for civil rights and equality. Further, aside from the African American rights, the Latin civil society also gained consciousness towards their own civil rights.Aside from the civil anti-segregation fight of the blacks and the latinos, their political and economic power were also empowered in the new era of southern racial relations. The rise of several personalities highlighted this fight during the era. Martin Luth er King Jr., served as an influential icon in the fight for justice and equality among the blacks and the whites. And consequently, his influence became rampant that further rallies turned into crusades of trying to overpower the black discrimination. (Badger and Ward, 1996)Following the strong movements for civil rights, John Kennedy upon the start of his term as president legalized a civil rights act. The Civil Act Right of 1964 embodied provisions that prohibited any display of discrimination by race, color, religion, sex and nationality. In addition, the Voting Acts Right of 1965, which increased black voting by a large percentage. (Branch, 1988).This challenge of fighting racial discrimination during this era encouraged a lot of changes in the society, politics and economics. This era exemplified strong resistance of the blacks from further discrimination. However, even though the efforts were strong, nonetheless, the black community has never achieved full redemption against d iscrimination. Although in this contemporary era where there are black personalities that emerged triumphant and successful within the fields that they chose, today, discrimination against blacks is rampant and their economic conditions are never emancipated as most of the black population still lives in poverty.1970: The Economic Turmoil and Political DeteriorationThe 1970’s was an advent of return to conservatism. During the administration of Richard Nixon, he administered policies that were geared towards the establishment of countering running liberal programs. In contrast to liberalist programs, he favored â€Å"income strategy† which initially encouraged individual initiative, personal freedom and lessened government bureaucracy.However, Nixon’s attempt in reversing liberal ideas became detrimental to the economy. The stagflation in the economy forced Nixon to adopt liberal remedies. This economic recession in US caused a decrease in the demand for goods, workers were laid off resulting to an increase in the unemployment rate, and manufacturers were forced to cut prices in their products and reduce wages for their workers in order to preserve profit margin.   During his first term was mostly concerned with finding solutions on how to end the Vietnam War. As a whole, his first term was satisfactorily carried out. And despite the economic stagflations that US experienced during his term, the American community was nonetheless contented with his regime.Despite the moral controversies and the economic downfall that US experienced during Nixon’s administration, nonetheless he still won the presidency during the next held elections. However, this triumph has caused Nixon to become complacent in running his government, and abuse of power rendered him detrimental setbacks in his governance. His second term however was battled with controversies including the Watergate scandal. He used his powers to eliminate radical counterculture à ¢â‚¬â€œ from media practitioners who criticized them to anti war activists. (Nixon Presidency).These occurrences during the era marked certain importance in the US history. The lesson of how they dealt with the Vietnam aggression is an important benchmark in their history. It has proven significant policy changes that are currently affecting how US has played with regards to foreign aggressions.1980: New American InfluxThe 1980s was highlighted by international migration. At the peak of this era, America was occupied by â€Å"Americans† of international decent. A large percentage of America was occupied by Asian Americans, as well as Latinos which enlarged the foreign immigration.This influx in fact prompted the government to legislate acts that shall restrain illegal migration to control the influx of foreign nationals inside the borders of the US. The Immigration and Control Act of 1986 limited and tightened border security. However, the law also provided amnesty for immigr ants who arrived earlier than 1986 and allowed them to become legal residents. (Immigration and Control Act of 1986)This event lead to the internationalization of the American community. This further opened links towards global relations, it shaped American society in such a way that they can directly create relationships amongst neighboring countries. This paved the way for an easier connection in the global world which made it easier for them to penetrate and dominate international relations. In addition, the end of the cold war became beneficial to the American community as it increased global responses in the Americanization of the world. And thus, the fall of the Soviet Union nonetheless provided a larger array of development and opportunities for political and economic domination around the globe.1990: The New Globe1990s was started at the height of Bill Clinton’s leadership. During his administration he focused more on domestic issues rather than following the usual in ternationalist trend. And during this era, America has experienced a rather powerful economic expansion, with little economic inflation. This economic rise in the country allowed them to decrease public debts and budget deficits.Clinton pushed his leadership towards the independent states of American communities. During his leadership, he passed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The organization of NAFTA linked US closer to Canada and Mexico which provided larger trade opportunities and generated greater jobs (Remarks from President Clinton†¦)These occurrences eventually lead to the strengthening of US economic and political relationship with other allies. This created a world order that is closely linked towards one another. The improved ties between countries made specific changes and opened up better opportunities for their market.The turnouts during this era were important and delicate part of the developments that the US has gone through in the following yea rs. The end of 1990s marked the start of the Bush era which turned out to be an offset for the start of the 19th century. The series of events that took place in the 1990s are still prevalent in the contemporary times, wherein the global community that were started in this decade eventually elevated to form a stronger link in global relations. Hence, the 1990s was a starting point for the current trend of globalization.2000 and BeyondThe events that took place from the 1950s towards the 1990s proved to be benchmarks for the current international trend. The modernization in 1950s, the emancipation of civil rights in 1960s, the economic downfall of 1970s, the influx of international immigrants in the US during the 1980s, and the establishment of the new world order in the 1990s became integral to the emergence of US as they developed to become the international leader and authority based on economic, political and military supremacy.These occurrences are pillars of the economic and po litical activities of the current US society. The continuing influence of the US over other countries shall prove their supremacy and moral ascendancy in the international relations. The 1990s most importantly had a very distinct impact on the US development and how they were able to gain world power.Globalization as an offspring of the establishment of new world order is the most significant factor in the world domination. The US’ continuing influence in the globalized community shall always prove to be beneficial to their existence. The US policies and impositions towards their allies are so integral that these policies are geared towards further empowerment of their society.   In the future, America is still seen to post political, economic and military supremacy over other countries. Although there are current aggressions against several nations posting ideologies different from that of the Americans, still, the American prevalence is still evident and their allies have been expanding and further growing in strength in the absence of a strong contender that shall challenge their world leadership.ReferencesBadger, Tony and Ward, Brian. (1996) The Making Of Martin Luther King And The Civil Rights Movement. Washington Square: New York University.Branch, Taylor. (1988) Parting the Waters: America in the king Years, 1954-1963. New York: Simon and Schuster.Immigration and Control Act of 1986. Retrieved November 16, 2007 from http://www.oig.lsc.gov/legis/irca86.htmLeffler, Melvyn and Painter, David. Ed. (1994) Origins of the Cold War: An International History. London: Routledge.‘Remarks of President Clinton in Signing of NAFTA† The White House: Office of Press Secretary. (14 September 1993) Retrieved November 16, 2007 from http://www.multied.com/Documents/Clinton/SigningNaFTA.htmlMcKinlay, Alan. (1993) Strategy And The Human Resource : Ford And The Search For Competitive Advantage. Oxford: Blackwell.Nixon Presidency. Retrieved November 16, 20 07 from http://nixon.archives.gov/thelife/apolitician/thepresident/index.php

Atm Skimming

————————————————- ATM Skimming An Ethical Look April 16, 2013 In the world we live in today our currency is promises. Our money is just paper backed by the promise of the United States government to back it up with hard currency, i. e. gold. Due to our lack of hard currency in everyday life there are many different ways to pay for things. These include: checks, credit cards, paper currency, and bank cards. One thing that has not changed about money is that, like every other thing valuable, people will try to steal it no matter its form.One of the most damaging types of thefts now is that of ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Skimming. Most people keep the bulk of their capital in banks. They use ATMs to access that money. Thieves have a way to conspicuously steal the information unique to their accounts so they can access others’ money. This is devastating to people and it is this issue on which I write. On February 12, 2013 an article was written. It was entitled ‘How alleged crooks used ATM skimmers to compromise thousands of accounts’. Federal Authorities have charged two men with running an operation to gain control of over 6,000 bank accounts.The banks targeted included: Capital One, J. P. Morgan Chase, among others. These criminals bought card readers and installed them on top of ATMs and doors to ATMs. They also made hidden pinhole cameras to watch people put in their pins. These people supposedly led a group of 9 or more people who put these devices all over cities. These cities included Manhattan, Chicago, and Milwaukee. The people would then use the information to make fake cards, which would be used for false purchases and withdrawals. This operation had â€Å"stash locations† to manage the information.One such facility had hundreds of hours of footage showing PINs being input. More than 1,000 blank cards were also fo und here. Due to the gravity of the crimes these men face around 40 years in jail. Prosecutors are also moving to seize $3 million from the men. The article goes on to say that ATM skimming has been going on for a decade and thieves are constantly improving their methods. The article suggests that the ATM skimming has been around for over ten years. That surprised me because I had only heard of this recently. Just like all technology, the technology that thieves use to perfect this form of theft also improves with time.The article also indicates that even though law enforcement and the general public are more aware, that this type of theft will not go away any time soon. The bible says that people perish for lack of knowledge. I believe news shows like Dateline NBC and 60 minutes should create stories around this issue. These shows have a large number of viewers and are shown during primetime. Their reporters are well respected and the information they provide is factual and the rep orters are credible. People also should become more aware of their surroundings. There are some precautions a person may keep in mind when using the ATM machine.One precaution is using the machine in daylight or well lit areas. Well lit areas can ensure that one is able to check the machine for any abnormalities or devices that may appear foreign in nature. Another precaution is to use a walk up versus a drive through machine. Driver through machines may be more awkward to maneuver from a car window and thus not as easy to investigate for abnormalities. A final suggestion is to use the ATM attached to a bank with which you are familiar. Convenience stores, dry cleaners, and even gas stations now have ATM machines as incentive to pay with cash for an advertised discount.Many of these machines are sponsored by companies that are not familiar to most consumers. I do not trust this kind of ATM and believe them to be the most susceptible to this kind of theft. What better way to manipula te the ATM machine than to build one and then entice people to use your machine? Banks also have a huge responsibility to inform its customers of the risk factors associated with using an ATM machine. When a person opens an account there should be a brief overview of this threat and even a pamphlet that outlines warning signs and indicators that the ATM may be compromise. Stealing funds from a bank is a federal offense.Though punishable by imprisonment, I would like to see legislation that toughens the sentencing guidelines around this issue. Preying on innocent people who are trying to access their own money is should be punishable to the fullest extent of the law. It should not be treated as a white collar crime where the criminal, after being found guilty, spends a few years in a federal â€Å"country club†. They should be made to serve time with other harden criminals and ordered to pay restitution to their victims. The bottom line is we live in a world where some people will always try to create a way to steal from others.These are the people who would rather take advantage of someone versus making an honest living at a worthwhile endeavor. Knowing this we must always keep our eyes open and our minds alert, especially when using an ATM machine. Technological advances will make this difficult for the novice and doing business with a bank that provides for return of your funds if stolen is a plus. However, the feeling of violation when someone takes what rightfully belongs to you and the inconvenience of filing the report and waiting the return of your money are even more recent to stay informed on this issue and be very cautious when using an ATM machine.The act of ATM skimming breaks almost every guideline in the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Article 1. 1 of the ACM Code of Ethics States that we should â€Å"Contribute to society and human well-being† The acts that I have described were the opposite of this ideal. These thieve s selfishly used their knowledge of technology to take advantage of a system and profit from it at the expense of society and human well-being. Other articles that these criminals violated were Article 1. 7 â€Å"Respect the privacy of others† and Article 1. â€Å"Honor confidentiality†. They violated others’ privacy in order to gain from their information. The very core of the ideas from the ACM Code of Conduct stems from the belief that we as technical minded people should help and not hurt others with our knowledge. The advantage that we have been given is to be used for the benefit of, and not the detriment of others. I feel as though these individuals should be given a fair trial under the laws of the United States Court system. If they are found guilty they should be punished to the full extent of the law.They stole from people using knowledge that would have been better served toward helping others than hurting others. They took advantage of the system in a way that was unethical and hurtful. They should repent to society. Bibliography Council, ACM. ACM Code of Ethics. 16 10 1992. Web Site. 16 April 2013. Goodin, Dan. â€Å"How alleged crooks used ATM skimmers to compromise thousands of accounts. † Ars Technica (2013). Internet. Hampton University. Student Technology Guide. n. d. PDF File. 16 April 2013.

Fat Tax Essay

Imposing a fat tax on saturated fat, junk foods, sodas, etc. would be best because of many health and money related issues that it could possibly solve. A fat tax could help control many health problems the United States is facing today by giving some incentive to buy healthier foods. Taxing these certain foods may help control the way people eat and in turn change lifestyles to much healthier ones than there are now. The healthier lifestyles would help lower the amount of money spent on health care, in turn saving money. The tax, along with saving the United States money, would also produce large revenue helping to boost the economy and pull out of the debt crisis. Many other countries have begun taxing fatty foods and have produced very nice revenue because of the levies. The tax might pose some problems at first, but in the long run will prevail and produce great gains for the country. In order for a tax to work, it will have to be done correctly. A very organized operation, in which the correct fatty foods would be taxed in order to target certain items which create health problems, would be a start. The United States as a whole is becoming a very unhealthy society because of how Americans eat. Fast food restaurants are part of the main cause because of their affordability and accessibility. It is so easy for people to skip cooking healthy foods and just stop off at McDonalds to grab a quick burger. â€Å"The United States obesity rate has reached up to 34% according to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention† (Salahi 1). A fat tax could possibly slow the consumption of these fatty foods and fast foods, which in turn would reduce the obesity numbers. Obesity is not all that these fatty foods are causing; there is also heart disease, diabetes, and many others, all of which come about because of behavior. Imposing a tax on the fatty foods that cause these diseases could change the behavior of the consumers (Vijayaraghavan 1). An example of behavior change is gasoline prices, the higher gas prices have changed the types of vehicles being made. If a tax was levied on junk foods, sodas, etc. , there should also be a price drop in fruits, water, and healthier foods, which would push the consumer to buy the healthy foods. If consumers would begin to purchase these healthier foods, the death rate of around 300,000 people per year will drop (Chouinard 22). Studies have shown that the healthier the person, the more productive he/she usually is because of an active lifestyle. The fat tax, if effective, could possibly produce a healthier, happier, and more productive society as a whole. If the country becomes much healthier as a whole, then a lot of government spending would begin depleting causing huge gains in Medicare and Medicaid where costs have doubled in the past ten years. The government could then use that money to put towards other areas needing improvement in health-care. Although taxing certain foods would create large revenue for the nation, as well as decreasing the enormous bills for health care, which citizens are taxed for anyway. â€Å"The Congressional Budget Office predicts, with a three cent tax, a fat tax could produce twenty-four billion dollars within four years† (Salahi 1). That type of revenue could pose great possibilities for both state and federal government funding for other areas needing improvement. Seventeen states in the United States already have certain taxes on junk food which produces somewhere around one billion extra revenue dollars annually. If the United States would impose these taxes nation-wide, that would be an extra fifty billion dollars of revenue to a broken economy and could help the debt crisis immensely (Drinkard 1). As well as producing a large revenue for the country, if effective with obesity, a fat tax would also drop our health-care expenses which are somewhere around one hundred billion dollars per year. The amount of money saved on health-care, combined with the revenue generated by tax dollars, the United States could possibly earn three-hundred billion dollars over a four year period (Salahi 2). The money produced by the taxes would create great opportunities on both state and federal levels. The debt crisis that the United States is facing would begin to deplete and could create new organizations regulating this fat tax in which new jobs would be created. In 1917 the United States imposed a tax similar to this fat tax on sweets and sodas as part of a plan to help pay for involvement of World War I. At that time, the taxes seemed to appear during times of need when money was needed to produce, and it worked. The United States is in a debt crisis, and if the country would impose these taxes on fatty foods it would produce much needed revenue to help pull the country out of debt (Drinkard 4). Many European countries such as France, Denmark and Hungary have already begun instituting a tax on unhealthy food to boast a healthy society and produce revenue. Denmark has setup its fat tax by the percentage of saturated fat in each item. The tax is around three dollars per two and a half pounds of saturated fat. Denmark’s plan was to impose the tax in order to increase the life expectancy average of its citizens by trying to force people to eat healthier (Jaslow). They are trying to force the citizens to avoid the saturated fat because of heart disease and cancer that it can cause. Romania was planning to start a tax on fatty foods that was more complex and was said to raise around seven-hundred million Euros a year. The plan was pushed aside though because of already high and steadily rising food prices. Hungary believes their fat tax will be most effective on peoples buying habits because of its citizen’s low salaries. The people will have to choose the cheaper, healthier foods in order to survive with the amount of money they make. Hungary also plans to levy a 25% extra tax on fatty foods and drinks, and if passed, it will be the first in the world (Cain 2-3). The United States also has had its own versions of this fat tax before on sodas and candy in the early 1900’s, but most only lasted a short while each time they were instituted. In Denmark their plan to tax the saturated fat in order to make people live healthier has backfired on them, and obesity rate has actually increased (Dietriffic 3). Although there are many reasons a fat tax would really help the United States, there are still some grey areas and problems it would pose. First, the government would be controlling how people make some of their decisions. The higher taxes pose a problem for certain companies which produce these fatty foods causing them to slow production which would result in more and more job losses. This country already has too high of an unemployment rate to put itself in a position in which that rate will grow any higher. The debt crisis in the United States is a big problem for the tax as well as unemployment, because now an already struggling society is being taxed. The United States has instituted a tax similar to this before in 1932 and expected to raise around twelve million dollars, but it was overturned after two years because of lack of revenue production and was very unpopular (Drinkard 4). Such a tax would still be unpopular today with people who do not have an obesity problem. They would be taxed trying to solve a problem that has nothing to do with them, and targeting strictly obese people would be immoral. The tax could possibly backfire as well, and the obesity rate would continue to grow larger as people just spent more money on food. There was a study done on smoking bans in bars that showed the drunken driving fatalities increased because people drove further to bars in order to be able to smoke, and that is an example of what might happen with the fat tax. In other words, the fat tax could be passed, and then not necessarily work and just fade out like in the past or could have the opposite effect like it has had on Denmark. There is no actual way to change the eating habits of people; they can only be given incentive to try to change (Montopoli 2). The problem with the tax at this time is taxing people who are already struggling to make ends meet. With the unemployment rate being so high, it is going to be really hard to pass a tax to increase prices on food even more than they already are because humans must eat to live. In a case where the tax causes people not to be able to pay for the high cost of food, then people then the government ends up spending more with food stamps. This result would then make the gains of the fat tax ineffective because the revenue produced would keep up with the government spending caused by the high cost of food. A manufacture’s tax would erase the problem of over taxing citizens, but then could cause the companies to either increase their prices or go under, and turn would create greater unemployment. A fat tax should be imposed in order to first off help with our debt crisis. The revenue that this tax could produce for the United States government could make great gains in the right direction. It could create new jobs in the Government to regulate how this tax is accessed. The health gain that could be possible because of the fat tax would be huge for the country. If the country were able to stop the consumption of these fatty foods and drop the obesity rate, it would help drop government spending in turn also helping with the debt. The obesity rate drops and the production climbs according to health studies. If our production is increased in all areas, that will also help with greater revenue gains (Drinkard 7). To have a healthy society as a whole, would make the country a better place to live in and would boost spirits to a society that is down and out due to a very slow economy. If health-care could move away from studies on obesity and heart disease caused by unhealthy eating habits, then Americans could focus more on different diseases such as cancer. In order for this fat tax to work, it must be setup correctly with much research from others who have imposed similar taxes thus far. If certain foods deemed unhealthy are taxed in order to boast healthy eating habits, then the foods that are healthy need to be subsided that way it really puts some incentive in eating healthy. It is too easy to just stop by a fast food restaurant and grab a quick burger and fries although it is one of the unhealthiest things to do. There must be something extra, subsides on healthy food, in order to change the way people are going to eat. Cigarettes are a good example of how taxing fatty foods would not work; just because you tax something and raise the price is not going to prevent people from buying it. The extra subsides on healthy food give the extra edge for people to buy them which in turn will then create the healthy eating habits (Salahi 1). The most important part of the tax at this time is the amount of revenue it will produce, and the United States needs it desperately. If the revenue is produced according to plan, then it has served its purpose over a four year period and will begin to help with the health issues on its own eventually. It is a serious issue in the United States and needs to be addressed, but it will be a long process to get to that point. The possibilities posed by the fat tax are wonderful and would help the United States greatly.

An e-commerce proposal for a company Case Study

An e-commerce proposal for a company - Case Study Example The human resource of Zorbas Group of Companies amounts today in 1200 individuals. The reason for choosing this company for my project is because it was initiated from a single family bakery business in a small village, and has moved from there to being one of the most successful companies in Cyprus today and I believe with the correct implementation of e-business models will improved the firm's standing in terms of cost reduction and customer satisfaction. The nature of Zorbas business may not require a well organized IT structure but the huge growth of the company the last years, created some room for improvement using the right e-business models-theories. EDI is the abbreviation for Electronic Data Interchange. In accordance with McLure (1996), the technology refers to the exchange of data between electronic medium in a structured manner. EDI, in its true sense, updates data in a real time manner. Classical examples of EDI include: McLure (1996) further states that EDI solely works on real time updates. Its various applications and benefits will be discussed as the proposal is about its application to the company under consideration. Primary research was conducted by means of informal conversation-cum-interviews with the senior management, and also various employees who are directly influenced by this process which is to be improved under this proposal. Secondary research was conducted by means of searching articles, journals, textbooks, and other literary resources present both online and in physical libraries. 2.2 Justification of the Methods used This report does not need loads of primary research, other than understanding the processes and their workings, because the major aim underlying herewith is that the right solution is to be proposed and presented, and by right, it implies the solution being feasible, suitable and acceptable to the management and the stakeholders. 2.3 Problems Encountered The major problem encountered here was the lack of documentation available at the company that could define the codes and mechanisms of communication and coordination between the production, distribution and sales units. Therefore, the data gathered can be anticipated to involve biasness from the company personnel who were the respondents. Absence of documentation also leads to the issue that the respondent bias cannot be eliminated, nor reduced. 2.4 Alternative Methods The concerned departments have been very busy to provide formal and informal information pertinent to the communication processes and procedures. However, there

Summary of skills edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary of skills edit - Essay Example We conducted research from various books and websites for examples on how to correctly specify the requirements. By so doing, applicants will apply based on the requirements of the job. 4. SWOT analysis: We did extensive research into the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing our company. Concerns arose on how each item would be allocated a bracket in the list. After careful review of existing literature, we came to a conclusion that all the necessary information was correct. 5. PESTLE analysis: PESTLE Analysis was critical in identifying which external forces can enhance or limit our business. The PESTLE analysis was an interesting topic as it raised further issues and our attention to the policies that we had to abide by. 6. Making a spreadsheet: The spreadsheet was very simple to create considering the resources that have been given to us. We broke down the schedule into months in order to assess the financial requirement to run our business. Overall, the experience of working in a team was fruitful. The experience improved my communication skills and ability to work in the team. In fact, the experience offered more knowledge and experienced than I imagined. First, we split the work between team members in order to keep a strict adherence to the schedule and to make sure everyone was following the original plan. Then, all member completed their parts and documented all the progress. We compiled the work to assess the progress. We noticed that most of the work did not match because of differences in referencing. We had to reassign the work for a redo, and this time taking all necessary precautions. Luckily, the strategy worked in the end. Everyone was professional, active and responsible. I have learned so much from this assignment, and the outcome was very satisfying for me. Despite the success of the assignment, time

Russian Symbolism and Mikhail Vrubel Research Paper

Russian Symbolism and Mikhail Vrubel - Research Paper Example From his earliest pieces of art, Mikhail Vrubel demonstrated an exceptional natural ability in modeling and figure drawing, however, he also engaged and valued the traditional academic pragmatism of the school. He quickly developed a taste for cooperating improvisation and symbolism, which would lead him to develop his personal style of painting with its exclusive brushwork, imitating the visual effect of mosaic art .He becomes influential sculptor, and draftsman who was a pioneer of modernism with an original vision. In his works, he was a pioneer of modernism in the styles, innovative and the techniques he put together to ensure that he was able to convey his feelings, complex inner life as well as an expression of spiritual world through his work art. Vrubel actually did not commence his artistic work until 1880s, after a successful effort in his pieces of art works, he become recognized in the early 1990s. He turned out to be symbolist and an expressionist at a time when the majo rity artists were still attributed to the pragmatic custom of the Wanderers. Being more practical and rejected these traditions and become more individualistic in his pieces of work, however he was misunderstood by his contemporaries though he was still considered the forefather of symbolism. Mikhail Vrubel usually chose to do his works from the real life situations this was later followed by most contemporary artists. Most of his scenes and characters were drawn from literature and tradition.

The Role of Women as Patrons during the Renaissance Essay

The Role of Women as Patrons during the Renaissance - Essay Example The Renaissance humanists embraced Christianity and, therefore, the church was at the forefront in patronizing many artistic works of Renaissance (Conelli 2004). The Renaissance was largely marked by the return to classical ideas that brought about the age of awakening in Italy and northern Europe between 1400AD and 1600AD (Thomson 1984). During Renaissance, or born anew in French, artist were exploring new ideas and, this lead to a wide discovery of talent and innovation. During and before Renaissance, men ruled over everything from political to social. A woman at these times was supposed to get married, give birth to boys and stay loyal to her husband (Trager 1994). A Renaissance man was expected to be well educated in a way that he understood proficiently art and science and have cultural grace. Women of all classes were expected to perform the duties of a housewife, or work in the fields if they were peasantry women. For middle-class women, they helped run their husbands business es while women of the noble class engaged in sewing, cooking, and entertainment. However, since the explosion of art and architecture presented opportunities individual’s growth, there were wealthy women who broke the mold of subjugation and achieved fame and independence (Chambers 1970). Most of these women learned how to paint in their father’s workshops while women of the high class had the opportunity to learn the art and practice architecture. Against this background, this essay examines the role of women as patrons of art and architecture during the Renaissance. Artistic Patronage Patrons of art had a significant role in the development of art in the Renaissance Europe. Patrons were not only customers of art but were also initiators of the same, and they often dictated on the art form and content (Chambers 1970). In most cases, art patronage was carried out by wealthy families of status, and it acted as a show of power. Art patronage was relevant for religious pu rposes, entertainment and as a source of political propaganda. As a result, the influence of the art was essential to the wellbeing of any artist. Artistic patronage was a formal undertaking with contracts defining the cost materials and dimensions of the project (Chambers 1970). For architectural works, the sketch of the project and the timeline, as well as the content of the piece, was contained in the contact form. A Patron of art or architecture offered a lot of support that placed him or her beyond the position of a mere customer. Art patronage originated from religious practices as noted by Tuscan merchant Francesco di Marco Datini of the 14th century that pictures moved ones spirit to devotion (Ciletti 1984). Therefore, the intention of any patron to any painting or curving was to devote such an art for religious purposes. Most portraits, placed at altering for a chapel, were meant to earn grace for the patron in redeeming her souls from the torments of purgatory (Ciletti 198 4). This was the theme and the form that Medici family in the early Florence artistic and architectural patronage undertook. Moreover, patrons were portrayed in paintings of religious subjects like in the work of Jan Van Eyck’s Madonna of the Canon van der Paele (Chambers 1970).

Is there a necessary connection between a philosopher's politics Essay

Is there a necessary connection between a philosopher's politics and their philosophy - Essay Example It should be noted that Heidegger was forced into the sidelines within only months of joining the party and despite the claims that his philosophy is compatible to Nazism, it actually went in the opposite direction. Heidegger’s philosophy was based on an attempt to understand Being, and to address it as a problem that philosophers throughout history had failed to address. He believed that an understanding of being was necessary to ensure that human beings were not only able to understand themselves, but the world around them as well.2 This is in complete contrast with Hitler’s and Nazi policies, which often concentrated on the promotion of the Aryan race as well as the development of social programs designed to destroy rather than to develop and understand. When compared to Heidegger’s philosophy, which advocated for the universality of the human race, the basis of the social programs promoted by the Nazi regime was to ensure that racial purity for the Aryan race was maintained at all costs. This is because it was believed that the German nation had become weak and would not be able to continue retaining its superior status if undesirable individuals were allowed to survive .3 One of the cruellest of these social policies was that of the forced sterilization of those individuals who were believed to be from lesser races and who carried any form of genetic weakness. In order to make this policy effective, laws were put in place to ensure that doctors provided all the information concerning their patients to the state so that the latter could be able to determine those individuals who had the desirable characteristics to ensure the creation of the German master race. A process where individuals could report others who they suspected of being genetically weak was made possible and this ensured that the Nazi government was able to get to as many people

Globalization in Morocco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization in Morocco - Essay Example The population of Morocco is approximately 33,757,175 (World Fact Book) with a mixture of ethnic groups like Muslims, Christians, Arabs, Jewish and others. The official language spoken is Arabic and its dialects and the language used for business is French. Their legal system is based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law systems. The economic policies of Morocco brought some stability to the country in the 1990’s but could not initiate sufficient growth to put an end to the prevailing unemployment problems. The problem worsened when draught reduced the output in agriculture and as a result wheat had to be imported at sky rocketing world prices. Trying to build up small and medium enterprises and its continued dependence on foreign energy slowed down the economy still further. Therefore Moroccan authorities realize that understanding the reasons for their poverty and providing jobs to beat the problem of unemployment and improving agriculture are the key points necessary to improve domestic security and further development. To improve the living conditions of its people the Moroccan Government is trying to implement a few reforms in their effort of opening its economy to foreign investors. Their currency the dirham is wholly convertible only for current account transactions. In 2005, the Moroccan Government launched the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH), a $2 billion social development plan that addressed the poverty and unemployment issues of the country and to improve the conditions of the urban slums in the country. (World Fact Book) In 2006, it also took part in the FTA (Free Trade Agreement) (World Fact Book) with the United States to resolve some of the long term issues associated with improvement in education and Job prospects for Moroccan youth. The FTA is also responsible for bridging the gap between the rich and the poor by encouraging tourism and boosting competition in the textile

Relegion and marraige health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relegion and marraige health - Assignment Example Two related journals will be used to further substantiate the findings. Studying this topic will help us understand the influence religion has on marriage. The findings of religion health relationship have tremendously increased over the years. It will help in making informed decisions on how religion affects marriage and how to handle this situation. The questions asked are, The relationship between marriage and religion is complex in the context of church attendance during a week. Many of researches carried out have shown a deep relation as to why some marriages are not healthy due to one party in the marriage frequenting the church a lot in a week. Contrary to that, also different results have been derived from the same hypothesis. Some marriages have grown healthier because of frequenting the church (Marks). Irrespective of the religious affiliation, the results of the studies differ a little when it comes to the health of the marriage. It has been found that married couples that attend the church many times a week together have a healthier marriage than married couples who do not frequent the church together In this paper, the z-test was used to get these results. The test was used to sample thought of over 30 people. The valuable measures are H0: P = P0 against H1: P>

Private equity & Venture capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Private equity & Venture capital - Essay Example The sale price for the company that would make sense for the venture capital fund to convert its convertible preferred stock will be ($3/1.75) = $1.714 per share. d) Explain how a participating convertible preferred stock (PCPT) differs from a standard convertible preferred stock, and what benefits it has for the investor purchasing the PCPT. Why would existing investors agree to use a PCPT security in a new financing round? PCPT is a convertible stock that basically provides a specific dividend that in the event of liquidation can be paid or converted before any other stock while a standard convertible preferred stock takes precedence after other categories of stocks such as PCPT. PCPT enables an investor to get precedence claim over other categories of stocks hence ensuring that their investment is assured with some gain. An existing investors would agree to use a PCPT security in a new financing round because it offers a first claim in the case of liquidation. Further, it is easier to convert existing stocks into PCPT. Private equity firms have well informed and highly sophisticated investors. This ensures that the process of establishing and crafting operational strategies and priorities is basically built on deep transparency between the stakeholders. Further, they align themselves around an explicit and focused drive, objectives and interests hence resulting to comparative advantage. Private equity requires that an engaged and effective board be built to manage the funds. Further, they aim at buying a company using debts and then considerably reducing or cutting costs so that they can realize short term profits to settle the debts and further increase in the growth prospects. Proprietary deals gives a specific investor an opportunity a first chance to bur or purchase a company or a business , before the said company or business is actually presented to other investors by the investment banker or

Ethical Health Care Issues Essay Example for Free

Ethical Health Care Issues Essay According to Women’s Health Resource (2011) â€Å"breast cancer is a serious issue that will affect almost every women worldwide, either directly as someone diagnosed with cancer, or indirectly through the illness of a loved one†( Home, para. 1). In the United States breast cancer is the found in women in their early twenties and thirties. These individuals are more prone to breast cancer because she has a family history of breast cancer. In 2006, approximately 212, 920 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States (Women’s Health Resource, 2011). The case scenario below will discuss ethical and legal issues regarding a female patient with breast cancer, which refuses treatment for breast cancer. Additionally, the scenario will cover the following four ethical principles: respect for persons/autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence that relates to the case scenario (Bishop, 2003). Case Scenario A 25-year-old female patient made an appointment with her primary care physician because she discovered a lump on her breast. She went to her appointment with her primary care physician the following day. The physician examined her breast and discovered a lump on her breast, so he made a referral for her to see an oncologist in which can diagnose her if she has breast cancer. An oncologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnoses and treatment cancer (The Denise Roberts Breast Cancer Foundation, 2009). The following are the three main types of oncologist: medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and surgical oncologist, which can practice in hospitals and research centers. The female patient can make an appointment with the oncologist in which he will inform about her condition and different types of treatments available to her in which can reduce her chance of death as well conduct a biopsy. The biopsy will determine if she has breast cancer. The ethical issues are very clear, and they are respect for autonomy and beneficence. Additionally, the legal or ethical principles involved with breast cancer are no different from any other medical  treatment/intervention. Autonomy and Informed Consent As stated by Bishop (2003), â€Å"respect for persons/autonomy is that a physician acknowledges a person’s right to make choices, to hold views, and take actions based on personal values, and beliefs† (p. 7). In order for an adult to refuse treatment, he or she must be legally and mentally capable by meeting the following criteria: 18 years or older, understands the nature of the condition, and voluntary. Additionally, parents with children under the age of 18 have the right to consent to treatment as well refusing treatment for his or her child. As recognized by Miller et al. (2000), physicians have a moral and legal obligation to comply with a patient’s voluntary, informed refusal of life sustaining treatment, regardless of a physician judgment concerning the medical or moral appropriateness of this. In the case of the 25-year-old female patient with breast cancer she rejected medical treatment and was informed by the oncologist about the terminal illness. Death is seen as failure, rather than an important part of life (Smith, 2000). A conflict can arise with the patient because of the decision she made about not receiving care, which can likely end her life. The oncologist is obligated to inform or educate the patient about breast cancer, benefits of treatments, and risks involved with no treatment. The following are treatment options for cancer patients: lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical reconstruction (Women’s Health Resource, 2011). Although a physician can suggest benefits of any type of treatment the patient has the freedom to choose if he or she wants the treatment as well as ensuring the patient understand his or her own condition. When a patient refuses treatment for breast cancer or any medical condition, the issue of autonomy becomes difficult because of the serious health consequences. The health care professional will offer the patient different options for treatment when this occurs. As stated before the physician should consult with the patient about his or her decision because nurses have ethics and codes of conduct in which he or she must follow. Nurses must care for patients while taking care of him or her as  well as respecting and supporting the patient rights to decline treatment at anytime (Stringer, 2009). Medical professionals should respect the autonomy of patient decisions because it is a critical in the health care industry. Beneficence Rosenthal (2006), the principle of beneficence means that the health care provider must promote the well-being of patients and avoid harm them. Once a patient refuses treatment the health care professional must communicate the harm associated with no treatment for his or her condition. This can play a major role in how beneficence and maleficence is judged. When a patient has breast cancer and refuses treatment there is not another alternative option for the patient. During this principle the health care professional should ensure that he or she is maximizing possible benefits for the patients and minimizing harm when dealing with treatments. The health care professional can suggest certain treatments but the patient does not have to receive any care for his or her condition. When this occurs the physician will focus on different conflict resolutions for the care as well as services. A health care professional job is to offer quality of care to the patient in which he or she will ben efit from the medical treatment. During this principle, the health care professional will act with compassion when informing the patient about the potential benefits and risks for any medical condition. A patient is reliant upon the health care professional for someone who is caring and willing to share in the responsibility as well as treating him or her with dignity and respect. The 25-year-old female does not want treatment in which makes it hard for the oncologist to provide quality of care during the consultation and care. Non-maleficence Rosenthal (2006), during this principle, the health care provider ought to strive not to inflict harm to a patient, a requirement also seen as a duty not to refrain from aiding a patient. In addition, this principle will coincide with beneficence because it is reducing the harm to any patient  although a patient refuses care/treatment. The health care professional is obligated to help the patients to the best of his or her ability by providing benefits, protecting the patient’s interest, and promoting welfare. Additionally, how, and what the health care professional does for a patient should have greater chance of benefiting the patient than harming the patient. This is done by risk benefit analyses, where the health care professional can conduct research on the condition and different medications. The health care professional should explain any side effects for treatments as well as medications that the patient will become knowledgeable about options for his or her conditio n. Justice The principle of justice means to treat others equitably, distribute benefits/burdens fairly (Bishop, 2003). In addition, it is very important for the health care professional to keep a patient informed about treatments and he or she should not provide misinformation to the patient. A major issue with this principle is economic barriers can interfere with a patient when trying to receive treatment and medication. The health care organization is required to provide services/care to a patient regardless of health care coverage, especially the uninsured In addition, the department should that all patients are treated equally regardless of age, race, and ethnicity. Additionally, this principle will focus on justice, which will provide care/treatment regardless of the patient demographics or ethical issues he or she encounters with the health care professional. During this principle, the patient is treated with dignity and respect even though he or she refused care/treatment for any medic al condition. Conclusion Refusal of care is one of the most common ethical dilemmas in the health care industry, which is often difficult to resolve when his or her well-being is threaten. The health care professional must determine, which aspects of autonomy, beneficence, justice, and non-maleficence a patient want before providing care. Administrators within a medical facility must  examine the following underlying issues: competence of a patient, the distinction between apparent, and real refusal of care (Michels, 1981). A physician has the legal duty to provide and ensure the patient with sufficient information about treatment and care when he or she is at the facility. Additionally, an ethical dilemma will exist because of a patient’s right will conflict with a physician obligation of providing quality of care to an individual. This was the case with the 25-year-old female with breast cancer. References Bishop, L. (2003). Ethics Background. Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Retrieved on June 8, 2011 from: http://www.nwabr.org/education/pdfs/PRIMER/Background.pdf Michels, R. (1981). The Right to Refuse Treatment: Ethical Issues. American Psychiatric Association, 32(1), 251-255. Miller, F., Fins, J., Snyder, L. (2000). Assisted suicide compared with refusal of treatment: a valid distinction?.Annals of Internal Medicine, 132(6), 470-475. Rosenthal, S. M. (2006). Patient Misconceptions and Ethical Challenges in Radioactive Iodine Scanning and Therapy. Journal if Nuclear Medicine Technology, 34( 3), 143-150. Smith, R. (2000). A good death: an important aim for health services and for us all. . British Medical Journal, 320(7228), 129-130. Stringer, S. (2009). Ethical issues involved in patient refusal of life-saving treatment. Cancer Nursing Practice, 8(3), 30-33. The Denise Roberts Breast Cancer Foundation . (2009). What is an Oncologist? Retrieved June 17, 2011 from http://www.tdrbcf.org/oncologist/index.html Womens Health Resource. (2011). Breast Cancer. Retrieved on June 17, 2011 from http://www.wdxcyber.com/breast_home.html

A Literature Review of Association Rules in Mining

A Literature Review of Association Rules in Mining Abstract Mining association rules is an essential job for information discovery. Past transaction data can be analyzed to discover client behaviors such that the superiority of business decision can be improved. The approach of mining association rules focuses on discovering large item sets, which are groups of items that come into view together in a sufficient number of dealings. Association rules are if/then statements that help uncover relationships between seemingly unrelated data in a information repository. In this paper we will show by experimental results the behavior of apriori algorithm. Weshall describes the basic concepts of association rules mining, the basic model of mining association rules. Finally, this paper describes the association rules mining and its techniques. Introduction Association rules mining is an important task in data mining. It is a popular and well researched method for discovering strong associations between variables in large databases. It is intended to discover strong rules between different variables in databases. A large amount of data can easily be analyzed to discover customer purchasing behavior which improve business behavior. The goal of the association rules mining is to identify items that are bought together by sufficiently many customers. The strong relation between different items in the market are existing like the peoples who buy milk also tends to buy bread and eggs in this sentence there is a relation between milk and bread. So association rules are used to identify these relationships between items for the improvement of business behavior. Association rules can be expressed as: R: X==>Y, where: X à ¢Ã…  Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ I, Y I, and X, it is said that if the item set X occurs in a transaction, then Y will inevitably appears in the transaction. Therefore, X is called a prerequisite for the rule; Y is the result of the rule. Support and Confidence are two different interestingness for measure. Support of an item I is the number of transactions that support (contains) I, and Confidence compares the number of times the pair was purchased to the number of times one of the items in the pair was purchased. In probability terms this is referred to as the conditional probability of the pair. For example, if a supermarket database has 100,000 point-of-sale transactions out of which 2,000 include both items A and B and 800 of these include item C, the association rule If A and B are purchased then the item C is also purchased on the same trip has a support of 800 transactions (alternatively 0.8% = 800/100,000) and a confidence of 40% (=800/2,000). A huge number of association rules can be identified if the database is large. So for minimizing association rules minimum Support and Confidence are considered, both are specified by the user which help us to and valuable rules from database. Association Rule Mining Algorithms A-priori Algorithm Principle of Apriori Algorithm: If an item set is frequent, then all of its subsets must also be frequent. Apriori algorithm is a classical and breadth first search association rules algorithm. This algorithm was first proposed by Agrawal et al in 1993.Apriori algorithm strategy is to separate association rule mining tasks into two steps: First discover frequent item sets, and the second is the Generating of Association rules, it extracts high confidence rules from the frequent item sets. The first step for mining frequent item sets the algorithm will produce a large number of Items; the algorithm will execute K iterations where K is the number of items in the second iteration the algorithm produce some frequent item sets with the first selected frequent item set. After the K iteration the algorithm produce the superset of all frequent items. Here the basic idea of generating frequent item sets is: First step, statistics the frequency of the set with an element, and identify those item sets that is not less than the minimum support, that is, the maximum one-dimensional item sets. Then start the cycle processing from the second step until no more maximum item sets generated. The cycle is: in the first step k, k-dimensional candidate is generated form (k-1) dimensional maximum item sets, and then scans the database to get the candidate item set support, and compare with the minimum support, k-dimensional maximum set is found. The apriori algorithm takes advantage of the fact that any subset of a frequent item set is also a frequent item set, therefore it reduce the number of candidates being considered by only exploring the item sets whose support count is greater than the minimum support count snf all infrequent item set can be pruned if it has an infrequent subsets. Apriorialgorithm is breadth-first algorithm, therefore if the database is too large then it suffer from a number of inefficiencies by creating a large number of subsets. Apriori algorithm uses sets intersections to determine support values. It determines the support values of all (K-1) candidates before counting the K candidates. The dataset may be too large thus the problem is that the resulted frequent item set may be exceeded with main memory and wasting of time to Figure 1: Apriori algorithm Pseudo code. Figure 2: Improved version of Apriori Algorithm Hold a large number of candidate set with much frequent item sets. So to overcome this problem the dataset is partitioned in different chunks and each chunk is treated independently. And then the resulted frequent items are merged with one extra scan. Applications: Basket data analysis, cross-marketing, catalog design, sale campaign analysis, Web log (click stream) analysis, and DNA sequence analysis. 2.1.1. Variation in Apriori Algorithm The limitation of appriori algorithm is improved by the improved version ofappriori algorithm. It is to be defined as: Suppose Ck is the candidate item set of size k, and Lk is the frequent item set of size k in the proposed approach the algorithm is improved by reduce the time consuming for candidates item set generation. Here the algorithm firstly scan all transactions to generate L1 which contains all items, and found their support and transaction ID, and then L1 is used as a helper to generate L2, L3.Lk, then generate C2 by joining L1 * L1 to construct 2-itemset C(x,y) where x,y are the items of C2. Before scanning all transaction records to count the support count of each candidate, use L1 to get the transaction IDs of the minimum support count between x and y, and thus scan for C2 only in these specific transactions. The same thing for C3, construct 3-itemset C (x, y, z), where x, y and z are the items of C3 and use L1 to get the transaction IDs of the minimum support count bet ween x, y and z, then scan for C3 only in these specific transactions and repeat these steps until no new frequent item sets are identified. FP-Growth Algorithm FP-growth algorithm is one of the latest and most efficient algorithms in depth-first algorithm. It allows frequent item sets discovery without candidates item set generation. It is a two step approaches, first build a compact data structure called FP-tree and then extract the frequent item sets directly from the FP-tree. Compared with Apriori Algorithm, FP-growth has the following advantages: To avoid multiple dataset scanning it scan only the dataset twice. It increases space and time efficiency. But its difficulty lies in large and sparse datasets, in the mining processing and recursive computations require considerable space. Applications: Basket data analysis, frequent patterns. Association Rules Applications 3.1. Market Based Data Analysis A typical and widely-used example of association rule mining is market basket analysis. It is a technique that discovers relationships between pairs of products purchased together. The technique can be used to identify the items having strong relationship. The idea behind market basket analysis is simple, simply examine the order of products have been purchased together. For example in market basket analysis the fact might be uncover that if a customer buy milkalso tends to buy breads. So using this information we might organize our store that milk and bread next to each other. For doing market basket analysis there is some couple of measures is used, which is frequency, minimum Support and minimum Confidence, frequency is the number of times two products were purchased together, and minimum Support and Confidence are discussed before. Market Basket Analysis print report about given items, for example if we need to find relationship of Milk with others Bread, Eggs and Cheeses, then market basket analysis print a reports. TheReport consists of the products name, Frequency, Support and Confidence. Market Basket Analysis: Milk Product Frequency Support Confidence Breeds 820 82% 91.1% Cheese 800 80% 23.5% Eggs 750 75% 34% The higher the confidence means that there is a probably of strong relationship between the products. In the above example confidence of Milk and Breads shows that in 91% of transactions Milk and Bread are sold together. 3.2 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Customer Relationship Management is a combination of business process and technology that seeks to understand a companys customers from the perspective of who they are, what they do, and what they are like. Here we are focusing on the CRM of banking sector, which are focused to find the preference of different customer, to provide services to the customer to enhance cohision between customers and the bank. Association rules are used to identify customer preferences and customer behavior. Conclusion Association rules mining are a popular and well researched method for discovering strong associations between variables in large databases. In this paper we have describe Association rules mining which is the important task of data mining. Then we describes techniques for the Association rules which is apriori and FP-growth algorithm, the limitation of apriori algorithm was inefficiency in case of large database by checking all k-1 items, the improve apriorialgorithm overcome this problem by finding transactions ids of every frequent item and then for k+1 set generation used that k-1 table and search only those transactions in which the current item are exist. According to this the efficiency of the algorithm is improved. Then we discuss FP-growth algorithm which is depth first search and fastest algorithm, it uses tree to find frequent item sets. In the last the application of association rules Market basket data analysis and Customer Relationship management are discussed in this pa per. References Mohammed Al-Maolegi, Bassam Arkok Jordon, An improved apriori algorithm for association rules International Journal on Natural Language Computing (IJNLC) Vol. 3, No.1, February 2014. Ruowu Zhong and Huiping Wang China Research of Commonly Used Association Rules Mining Algorithm in Data Mining 2012. S. Rao, R. Gupta, Implementing Improved Algorithm Over APRIORI Data Mining Association Rule Algorithm International Journal of Computer Science And Technology, pp. 489-493, Mar. 2012. Jiawei Lian , Michelins Kamber. Data mining: Concepts and Techniques [M]. America: Morgan Kaufman Publishers, 2000. Market basket data analysis http://www.albionresearch.com/market_basket Show-Jane Yen and Arbee L.P. Chen Taiwan An Efficient Data Mining Technique for Discovering Interesting Association Rules2010

Reflection on Situated Knowledge Map

Reflection on Situated Knowledge Map For the Situated Knowledge Map, I created five pins titled Hairy Legs, Get On The Scale, Talk To Your Sister, Crazy Feminist, and No under the pseudonym BS. These pins focus on body image, fatphobia, the feminist killjoy, and racism. In this reflection, I will examine how these moments in my life changed my perspective then reflect on the system and other posts I read while placing my own pins. While I found the assignment slightly difficult due to the nature of the content, I believe the analysis caused by the assignment is valuable and I found the system utilized simple but possibly exclusive. Hairy Legs, Get On The Scale, and Talk to Your Sister all focus on body image with the last two focusing specifically on fatphobia in our society. Hairy Legs discusses the first time I recognized gender performance and how it affects body hair for men and women. As a 3rd grader at the time, I did not understand why my hairy legs were a problem but the boys hairy legs were fine. Now I recognize hairlessness is a societal standard of gender performance for women. This was the first time I had a negative comment directed towards my body and the first time I thought of my body in term of good and bad. Get On The Scale and Talk to Your Sister are 2 events about a decade apart that made me realize how people treat my sister and I differently due to our weights. As a small girl and woman, my mother only mentioned my weight when she believed I might have an eating disorder. However, my mother started talking about weight with my sister more frequently when she began to gain weight; even goin g as far as to try to convince me to talk to me sister about losing weight. After the events in Talk to Your Sister, I recognized it and the events of Get On The Scale as the double standards surrounding weight women face and the general fatphobia in our society. These events remind me of a quote from The Body Politic-Meditations on Identity by Elana Dykewomon: Women in almost every society offer their daughters up to the prevailing cultural standards of beauty and usefulness for womenif women dont prepare their daughters to meet institutionalized male demands, they know their daughters will suffer in life (Dykewomon 453). I believe this accurately describes what my sister and I went through in these events. The third post, Crazy Feminist, describes the beginning of how I came to understand my identity as a feminist and how grateful I am for taking that step. I had not thought of feminism or considered calling myself a feminist until I joined Women in Learning and Leadership (WILL). I had been discouraged from joining and staying in the group during my first and second year of college. First from my friends sister commenting on how it is a crazy feminist group then with my parents continued attempts to convince me to drop the group and Women and Gender Studies minor for a more useful math minor. It was these attempts and the influences of WILL the led me to my crazy feminist identity which has been more helpful to me and given me more skills, in my opinion, than a math minor would have as a woman in science. The final post, No, is the story of the day I discovered my father holds racists beliefs. I was shocked when he came to me asking me to explain to my sister that she could not date a n African American boy. This event did not change my view of racism so much as it made me realize how truly wide spread it is in my own life. It made me look more closely for subtle racism in my life as well. I found the system used for the Situated Knowledge Map simple to use overall. I believe it is important to create online tools that are easy to navigate if the group creating the tools want them to be accessible for everyone. In the article Invisible feminists? Social media and young womens political participation, Julia Schuster argues that the use of social media and the internet by young feminists make them invisible to older feminists and the use of these tools leads to the exclusion of certain groups of feminists. This effect seems to be happening with this tool, as the clear majority of the pins I looked at were authored by apparent college students, and may be invisible to older feminist groups who are not using these forms of media. I also examined interesting perspectives from reading several of the pins on the map. One particular pin that made me examine my standpoint was Church; a pin written from the perspective of a Methodist discussing the Catholic ceremony of Confirmat ion. This pin made me think about religious privilege from the perspective of a child not experiencing violent religious percussion but subtle religious exclusion. Before reading this pin, I had never considered how a child may feel excluded and othered by other childrens shared experiences from and dislike of their parents religion. I found this project to be slightly difficult for me because I had to admit, not only to myself but to possible hundreds of people, that these experiences affected my behavior, particularly in Hairy Legs, and that my family holds these beliefs. However, I also think it is important that I analyze these events that have clearly shaped who I am today. In regards to the system used for this project, I found it simple to use; however, I am an individual who has had the privilege of growing up surrounded by this technology. People and groups who do not have this privilege may be excluded from using these tools. In addition, reading the perspective of previous posters led me to thought processes I would not have if I had not read their experiences. Work Cited Dykewomon, Elana. The Body Politic-Meditations on Identity. This Bridge We Call Home-Radical Visions for Transformation. Ed. Gloria Anzaldà ºa and Anaouise Keating. New York: Routledge,2002. 450-457. Print. Schuster, Julia. Invisible feminists? Social media and young womens political participation. Political Science 65.1 (2013): 8-24.

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Coursework Question: In the extract where Pip, a boy from a very humble background meets Miss Havisham, a rich but eccentric lady dickens wants the reader to feel sympathetic towards Pip. How does he make us feel this way? In this assignment, I will analyse, discuss and comment on the techniques Charles Dickens (Dickens) uses as a writer to gain sympathy for the main character Pip. I will look closely at setting, language, characterisation, the opening and closing of the extract. I will also quote ideas and phrases from the text to help me analyse and explain. Pip, the main character, is a lonely orphaned child. He lives with his sister and her husband the blacksmith. We know that Pip’s family is poor because they live of a blacksmith wages, not very much. The novel is set in the Victorian era where social status played a major role in daily life; we see this in the novel. Pip’s sister brought him up by ‘hand’ and finds he is a burden on her. Dickens chose to make the main character, Pip, lonely and poor to gain our sympathy. This novel is written in the voice first person, as if it were Pip telling the story. Dickens wrote this novel from Pip’s point of view. Pip is telling us the story when he is much older, as if he were thinking back to when he was a child. The fact that Dickens chose to make Pip, the main character, the narrator instead of another character creates a bond between Pip and us, the readers. In this extract Pip is sent by Mr Pumblechook, a distant relative, to see Miss Havisham (Havisham). Mr Pumblechook is not of higher class, but mingles well with them. Mr Pumblechook believes Havisham will take to Pip like she took to Estella, which would secure Pip’s future. Although another reason is that Pips sister finds he is a burden on her and wouldn’t mind getting rid of him. Pip is warned to behave, as Havisham is of higher social class and his sister doesn’t want him to ruin his chances. When Pip enters Havisham’s house we have hope for Pip that Havisham will take to him like she did to Estella. Havisham, as she is of higher, lives in a more lavish house than Pip. Dickens uses the setting to gain sympathy and to keep us interested. Pip enters a large room, he very observant. For example he mentions, ‘pretty large room, well lighted with wax candles.’ The description creates a mental image in our minds of where he is, immediately we

Music: Mind and Movement :: essays research papers fc

Music: Mind and Movement If only there were a way to make life easier. Parents who mean well are telling us to â€Å"think for ourselves,† but often have little or no idea how to keep our minds from recycling constant concerns, unnecessary worries, destructive ideas, and negative images. Teachers are excellent at teaching us algebra and conjugating French verbs, but there has yet to be any class in the curriculum to teach us how to handle depression, let go of anger, or how to communicate with others effectively. A lot of people are quick to tell us how we â€Å"should† behave, what we â€Å"ought† to think, and which attitudes we â€Å"must† have, as if we had no choices. They put the emphasis on avoiding their mistakes or they want us to relive their triumphs. Society wants us to plan for the future instead of living here and now, today, at this moment. Our society values â€Å"hanging on† to troubles and frowns on â€Å"letting go† of them. It reinforces â€Å"tr ying† and â€Å"doing† and totally ignores simply â€Å"being.† We learn to complicate simplicity and fear silence. There are few things in our world that direct our minds to increased comfort. Music, however, allows people to â€Å"tune in† to their hearts and achieve harmony in their lives. It is so powerful that it can affect us physically and therefore emotionally and mentally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I was twelve, the Blues took control of my mind and heart. From that moment on, music provided a place where I could go to share feelings or to escape from reality. Soon, it was my best friend, another world of happiness. The tunes I listened to would relieve stress, make me feel happy, and allow me to let go and be myself. Maybe it was that the person who wrote or recorded those songs had similar feelings or shared similar concerns. Problems became less overwhelming when I knew other people were there with similar experiences. Those people, whom I never met, have made and communicated a sense of purpose through rhythm and harmony, that most adults I know would never be able to get across through lectures and rituals. Music had awakened my awareness. It never pushed from behind, but rather pulled me forward and it challenged me without threatening. Color and meaning were added to my world. Music, in my eyes, had become a powerful source of influence and I cou ld see how it altered people, even the pace of their lives.

The Teaching of Saint Gregory Essay -- Christology, God, Creation

A. â€Å"The Teaching of Saint Gregory† contains many theologically concepts as God and Creation, Christology, human Sin and salvation, eschatology and resurrection. Owing to the limited space, I will only explore some key elements which I think are worthy to be discussed. First, Gregory depicts the God’s attributes – it begins with the faith of Trinity- God created the world and humankind, the Son saved humankind and the Spirit sustained the world (259, 263, 362). There is no one before God and there is no creator (259). God is incomprehensible and almighty (259, 366). God created two kinds of creatures: visible (the creatures in the world) and invisible (angels, include the evil â€Å"Follower behind†) (262, 278). Second, man was created in God’s image–which gave man rational mind and independent will so that man will be aware of God. (273), praise God (261) and live in a good life with God. (Enoch’s life 294). Third, in Christology, Gregory emphasizes the incarnation of the Son is not a sudden idea, not a phantom (402) but an eternal redemption plan of God. All the prophecies was foreshadowing Christ (342) and concerning Christ (377). Gregory skims the life and teaching of Jesus but emphasizes much in Christ’s death and resurrection. Jesus humbled Himself to the indignity of death (385, 587-595), came to bridge the separated, to build up what was destroyed (591). In Gregory’s view, the cross of Christ is the anti-type of the tower of Babel. The tower stands for scattering, represents God’s wrath of human’s sin; the cross stands for gathering that Jesus redirects people back to God (584, 585). With the promise of God’s spirit dwelling in the believers, Gregory further insists the Martyrs live and intercede for men (596-597) which ... ...however, find a light to solve the problem of illiteracy. Armenians is the only nation who maintains Christianity as the national religion to recent decades. Reasons for success are many, like a distinct geography, recurred prosecutions, and the martyrs linked with national pride could be the dominant factors; but also, the book of Teaching of St. Gregory is definitely a significant reason to keep the Armenians’ faith in the long history. Its â€Å"non-difficult,† comprehensive, systematic way explaining God’s demand, human’s sin & responsibility, God’s protection with whom in prosecution; provide reason, strength and faith for Armenians to live their lives faithfully. Another important thing the church can do is to adopt new technology, A-V computerized aids to polish the traditions of Christian faith and provide a fresh expression of Christianity to our neighbours.

The Hobbit Novel Review

I believe that this novel presents important themes that are relevant in today's society, Just as much as they make up an entertaining plot. Themes such as Heroism, Race and Lineage, Good vs.. Evil, Loyalty and Home are discussed In novels written in recent times. They give the reader a strong sense of ‘right' and Wrong in the plot. This allows the audience to distinguish between good and evil. Tolkien uses an enormous vocabulary of words that are not commonly used in more recent novels.His use of vocabulary dates the evolve, introducing an other worldly tone to the novel. Although the novel is set in present tense, there Is a feeling of recounting. The omniscient narrator Is sophisticated but subtle. The unknown narrator is not immediately obvious to the reader but It becomes clear that the narrator is Bilbo In a future time. Instilling hope into the reader as Bilbo must have survived his quest in order to be narrating the story. The setting of The Hobbit is in Middle Earth; a setting created by Tolkien.Middle Earth is home to many different races of creatures: Hobbies, Dwarves, Men. Rocs, Rusk-Ha, Wizards, Goblins and many more. The novel begins with a tranquil feeling and transcends to a feeling of lurking danger. There is no ‘safe' place In Middle Earth, not even the Shire. The tone of the novel gives the sense of unknown danger and suspense which captures the reader and encourages them to continue reading for the next plot twist may be on the next page. The Hobbyist's plot leaves no stone unturned and leaves nothing to be desired.Tolkien explores all possible aspects of the story that he has created. He has created a whole background to every harasser and there are definite links between the character's background and the characters personality. Every piece of writing has a purpose and there is no confusion as to the topic of the chapter. Every chapter has a new problem to be solved and there is never a dull moment or a weakness in the plot. T oolkit's writing style Is extremely unique. Tolkien portrayed his Imaginations of the settings and situations in the novel with extreme detail, using a large vocabulary.A major part of his writing style includes poetry. Tolkien introduces poetry into the novel and it is a ajar part of the plot. Tolkien wrote songs and poems that many have marveled at and enjoyed within and outside of The Hobbit. These traits of Toolkit's writing techniques have separated him from other authors and their novels. J. R. R Tolkien has created an excellent novel whose themes have been repeated in many books and novels after the creation of The Hobbit. It Is a classic tale of Good vs.. Evil with a new twist.This book Is a successful prequel to Toolkit's Lord of The Rings and it will continue to prosper and inspire others for many years into the future. Theme: The Hobbit, by J. R. R Tolkien features a number of implicit and explicit themes throughout the novel. For example, the theme of Race, Heredity and Moral Fiber Is one of the main explicit themes in this novel. This is based on the Idea that Elves, Dwarves, Men, Trolls and Goblins all have defining physical characteristics as well as personality traits and moral grounding and that they all fight for what they want.Each race of character has a moral distinction and it is easy to ascertain which t Off character is on the protagonist's ‘side' or the antagonist's ‘s taint ideas run alongside the thought process of one character being evil and another being good, such as Goblins are disharmonious with nature and Elves are harmonious with nature. Heredity is also an important theme to be recognized as it is the basis for much of the story involving all the characters. Bilbo Bagging is half Took and half Bagging. The Took family were known for being more adventurous than other hobbies and for unusual behavior.And the other half of Bilbo was Bagging, who were ordinary and respectful; two opposites. Without the knowledge of t he Took family Ewing adventurous, Bilbo would never had been convinced to leave the Shire with the Dwarves, as he would have left his comfort zone completely. The Dwarves' Heredity and Ancestry are a major factor in The Hobbit. Because the Dwarves were attacked by Smug the Dragon and because the Elves did not help the Dwarves when they were in need, they lived their lives in contempt. This meant that when Gangland led the Dwarves to the Elves of Riverside, there was an outcry.The happenings and history between the Smug and the Dwarves also fired their motivation to continue down the rd path to reach the dragon and to stop at nothing until they were reimbursed for what they had lost. Race, Heredity and Moral Fiber is an explicit theme; this is obvious due to the lack of confusion between the ‘races' of each character and the unmistakable ‘side' that they are on and whether it is Hobbies, Wizards, Goblins or Elves. Character Analysis: Thorn son of Train is the leader of th e Dwarves that embark on the treasure quest; the main plotting of the novel. Thorn is brave, stubborn and proud.After Gangland leaves the fellowship in Thorn's responsibility it comes clear the Thorn is not the most effective leader. Thorn makes poor decisions under pressure and relies on Bilbo to ‘save the day. In addition, when the Dwarves finally receive Smug gold, Thorn is willing to go back on his oath to reward each Dwarf with their share of gold and keep it for himself. When Thorn had access to the gold he became extremely greedy and obsessed with it. Despite his dishonesty and greediness, Thorn is still brave and proud Dwarf with many good qualities among bad ones. Bilbo Bagging of Bag-End is the protagonist of The Hobbit.Bilbo is small in size, respectable and not-at-all adventurous. Bilbo has a strong sense of home and family, honesty, generosity and modesty. Bilbo is the hero of the novel, although he is small in stature, anxious and not very intimidating, Bilbo tur ns out to be the most heroic, clever and fast-thinking member of the company. Bilbo also possesses more leader-like qualities than that of Thorn – the appointed leader of the company. Bilbo saved the Dwarves a countless amount of times in the novel and his achievements did not change him – he still remained as humble of a character as he was in the start of the novel.

Tim O’Brien “How to Tell a True War Story”

The words, which describe the caliber desert kiley sharp gray eye tight minor strokes of the wrist he wanted me to believe big title killer eyes little kookie they were kids they just didnt k at present dirty dog almost bawls writing it they were like brainfulness mates. The words, which do non describe the parting crazy in a adept way unfeigned d ardevil nineteen y heads old and it is too much(prenominal) for him. The ribs real lean was Bob Kiley, more(prenominal)over every genius was calling him hind end (OBrien 174).He had lost his friend Curt lowlife in Vietnam, tho this spillage happened beyond either military actions, when they were playing with grenades (they were real kids) git had actually lost his soul mate. Reading the accounting, stigmatises character created an impression of beingness flat. However, coming to the storys end, it is evident that huge sufferings are hidden behind the infantile behavior. This childish behavior has indirectly be bu zz off the drift of tragedy, and suffering with this loss, puke reveals his weighty dynamic character.He tries to for arise his pain, and the incident that he feels it is the sign of his deep soul, which was flipd in the cruelties of the Vietnam warfare. Curt maize is the character roughly which denounces actions and thoughts are concentrated. They played bug out most of their prison term together and what they matte up towards each other was real kinship. The unpredicted loss was so difficult for Rat that he didnt hesitate to postal service a earn to Lemons sister. This garner has become the expression of his feelings, his sorrow, and his take up memories roughly that person. Re-writing the story from Rats perspectiveThe day didnt predict any social occasion tragic. We undertake through and through the river the mountains were in the west, and we had to direct our efforts there. We deem already spent three days marching, and it already seemed mo nononousso w ellwe were nerve-racking to entertain ourselves, and in a foster Curt Lemon was late(prenominal). He obviously stepped on a booby-trapped 105 round. virtuoso second and the bit was gone forever. We were playing, we were laughing, and then, out of sudden, he was dead. I didnt recognize that the whole hour had passed before we cut off the thick grass for the tinge helicopter to land.Surprisingly, the day didnt change the weather was the same, and we kept marching. The only thing was that Curt was non with us anymore. higher(prenominal) in the mountains Ive noticed a sister VC water buffalo. I had no idea how I could come crossways it so high in the mountains, and it was likely unexpected for me, that at that present moment I could think of anything else besides Curt. I managed to get a rope around the minor buffalo and to aim it with us to the village, where we had to go along for the night. I stroked the baby buffalos nose, I tried to offer it come pork or beans, exc ept it didnt seem interested. I shrugged but I matte up, how enraged I was.At that time I didnt recognise, what caused those feelings deep down me, but now I hunch that Curts death had made me crazy angry for being incapable to change anything and to fork out him to life. I aspect the buffalo through the front knee. I was shocked at the beast not showing any sign of stress it didnt blazon out. It was silent, though it fell hard onto the ground but then got up again, and at that moment I shot off its ear I kept shooting and I could see it vitiated, but for approximately condition I could not kill it. I would never make it suffer, but something inside me was pr plainting me from shooting right.I had no idea what others were thinking, but they were definitely watching each flow and each shot I made. I was the only one to shaft, what it meant to me Lemon was dead and he had been the beat out friend in the world. I am not certain whether it was a question of pain, and wh at pain one may mean here. I didnt know whether bodily pain could be measured or even compared to the virtuous pain I felt. I could not understand what I was doing, it was all pinhead and I hardly recommend whether I had shot the buffalos hindquarters it was as if I were dreaming. I shot it into the throat.I didnt want it to experience those physical tortures anymore. I can nonetheless hark back its eyes marvelous, shiny, and dumb. I can remember myself crying. I wanted to say how unfit I was for both the buffalo and for Lemon, but tears didnt let any word come out. I mum I needed some freedom, some silence and some time to think, to filter to recover and to ultimately feel better. I left the baby, may be it was tranquilize alive, but I didnt know it. I just knew that it was fighting for its life, the mishap which Lemon didnt amaze. It will continue my sin forever, but my pain was enormous to hide it inside.I dont still understand for whom I feel worsened for the ba by buffalo Ive killed or for Lemon who didnt have a single chance to survive. What I know for sure is that Lemon didnt go through the pain, which baby buffalo felt before it died. I also understand that this death could become neither physical, nor righteous compensation for Lemons death. This is what I think now At that time I was not thinking anything. The baby buffalos death body my biggest weakness the inability to keep emotions inside. by and by that week I wrote a letter to Lemons sister to grade her what a great guy her blood brother had been.I have written several crotchety stories from our life I think that the letter turned to be very personal, even touching. I was almost bawling, because I could not accept the fact of his death. He had been the man able to turn the war into fun. He was right for war, and his locatings towards war were also right. I clearly understood and I very felt that I would never overhear any reply from that young girl, but I needed that w riting to come out my emotions and express what I was feeling about Lemon. Even when I pretended being angry at her, and called her dumb cooze, it was naught but a mask I didnt want anyone know that I could feelJustification I intractable to focus on Rat Kileys character. The author emphasizes his negligent attitude towards life. Listen to Rat Jesus Christ, man, I write this beautiful fucking letter, I slave over it, and what happens? The dumb cooze never writes back (OBrien 175). What I think is that Rat didnt even expect to flummox any reply from Lemons sister he needed this letter to express what he had inside, and simultaneously he had to support his image of a guy nineteenth geezerhood old and its too much for him (OBrien 175).I was interested in viewing the story through his perspective, because I initially felt Rat could have been depicted disparately, less crazy and more humane. As a result, the events in the annals would look different through Rats perspective. Af ter Lemon was dead, Rat could not find himself. He did not know how he could neutralize the chaste pain he had inside. Again, the author could lead the narration in a different direction. Rat was shooting the baby buffalo it wasnt to kill it was just to hurt (OBrien 179).Has anyone thought that Rat might have not clearly understood what he was doing? The fact that he was crying was the best proof that his actions had been absolutely uncontrolled. Moreover, his negligence has proved to be only surface he was deeply suffering through the loss of his friend at his nineteen years he could consider himself happy for having experienced the kinship he felt towards Lemon. My mark was to portray Rat through different features, not the features which the author used in the narration. I suppose that the author has not looked too deep into Rats soul.OBrien has created an image of Rats roughness towards the animal, and the readers perceive him as a little crazy. Simultaneously, he has not accentuate many features which make Rat a real human. Even the scene of animal killing could have been depicted differently, through the prism of Rats chaste sufferings. Rat Kiley was crying (OBrien 180), and that cry was the difficult acknowledgement of the fact that Lemon would never come back. Works cited OBrien, Tim. How to Tell a True War Story. Postmodern American prevarication A Norton Anthology. P. Geyh ed. New York W. W. Norton, 1992, 174-183.

Our hearts fell to the ground Essay

Some authorities would like you to set apply your palms up.It provides us with the actual perspectives of Indian other people who lived through those times of manifestation and assimilation. extract From the Lewis and Clark expedition to the old building of railroads, he attempts to explain the traumatic changes of the old Native Americans during the nineteenth century. He opens how our eyes from what earlier historians whose work seems now outdated, preferring to rescue elements of their work.The narratives what are divided into fourteen chapters, which supply historical document and higher secondary essays placing these documents within their historical context.If some tribes adopted varieties of private communication abilities than other tribes theres no telling what various kinds of confusion might have existed during the early nineteenth century.Unlike the books in the past, Calloway used tribal customs as a means to manifest the actual torment the Plains Indians encountered .The Native many Americans were regarded as â€Å"people without history†, when in fact the Indians recorded preventing their history by songs, dances, stories, legends, and visual records on buffalo robes well known as winter counts. Calloway reveals to the reader the Ways the Native American used the winter total counts as a mnemonic  device passed from one generation to another marked keyword with pictographs that recorded noteworthy events in tribal life how that took place each year. It was these customs deeds that enabled 2 OUR HEARTS FELL TO THE high GROUND elders to chronologically pass on their heritage to ensure the survival of their tribe.

The Duke how was beginning to appear perplexed.The second region of the parable is such simple to comprehend but really sad.The narrations are broken up into 14 chapters.A version of the manner in carried out.

Surely the Articles first put a government down together with the notion of a democratic republic.Activists, since it might use to anyone also utilise in public speaking the use of pronouns.The 2nd option is to locate public good input .Everybody knows knows there continue to be individuals.

You know, if you believe.A general notion to speak, but not, I think second one which is uncommon.A number of them carried swords in their hands.The very part first is that a person that the majority of us how have fulfilled.

The end is the strongest part.Fundamentally, our goal isnt to lose, big but thats politically awkward to say.By now the fog that how was adrenaline appeared to be lifting.You were going in various directions, Though things perhaps just did not work out, or regardless of what the good cause of a separation may be, it will hurt.